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SOUTH AMERICA
The political history of Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru in the late 20th and early 21st centuries reveals a complex interplay of democracy, economic challenges, and internal conflict.
Megnyitás
SOUTH AMERICA COLOMBIA 2010 Juan Manuel Santos defense minister of alvaro uribe 2002 Alvaro Uribe conflict with ecuador when colombian army crossed the border to persecute the FARC 2006 reelected start strong front against cartels and guerrilas FARC got involved drug production 1200 US military assistance against drug trade 1990 CEsar Gavina intrauration of neoliberalism liberal party 1980 unprecedent level of violence 1970 drug cartels Medellin Cali National Liberation Army and Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces were created "la violencia" 1946-64 ends with negotiation to share the power Liberals vs Conservatives elite of coffee plantation owners VENEZUELA Hugo Chávez 1998 nationalization of key sectors of the industry with no regard to foreign assets involved in them cement
steel
electricity
telecommunications
petroleum
he could run for president in 2012 2009 referendum where term limitations for presidency where eliminated his government kept close ties with Cuba and Iran 2002 attempt to remove him from office he won the support of the working class he installed a populist regime with non expenses on education and food coupons Luis Herrera Campins and Carlos Andres Perez had to deal with the defeated exports and increase on inflation capital flight and unemployment country´s economic dependence on oil revenues uninterrupted democracy since 1985 never affected by a dictatorship in the XX century BOLIVIA 2005 Evo Morales 2009 re-elected devaluation of boliviano under control economy growing railroads and mines 2007 nationalization of the oil industry in 2006 more rights for the indigenous comunities advocated to more taxes on the wealther population leftist reform first bolivian president to come from indigenous descent 2002 SAnchez de Lozada he resigned next year peasant rebellion 1989 Paz Zamora fear of loosing US support against drug traffic domestic production of food and raw materials neoliberal policies
Paz Estenssoro opened the door to foreign investment he dismantled thestate owned mining industry 1985 open door to drug trafficking (economic alternative) "el Niño" destroyed agricultar production banks almost had to close their doors mining industry was colapsing hyperinflation reached unprecedent levels between 1978 and 1982, 10 different governments were in charge of the country(military ones including) poorest country in south america PERU 2001 Alejandro Toledo first indigenous president 1990 Alberto Fujimori fought against terrorism 1992 "self-administered coup" 1985 Alan Garcia insurgence became bigger problem 1980 Fernando Belaunde Terry shining path civil government 1975 military took control economic crisis 1968 Juan Velasco Alvarado nationalistic government agrarian reform and educational reform took over peru in a coup d'etat CHILE 2010 Sebastian Piñera first conservative to be elected after Pinochet 2006 Michelle Bachelet students demanding better education socialist and divorcé first female president in chile 1990 Patricio Aylwin became president 1980n pressure by catholic church that condemned the abuse to human rights september 11, 1973 military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet he introduced the neoliberal model he ended the first democratically socialist government in Chile 19 70 Salvador Allende the richer sectors allied with the military in a coup defeat to depose Allende he made radical reforms regarding agriculture and the expropiation and the nationalization or key industries sectors socialist party BRAZIL 2008 Brazil become south amercia largest economy 2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva first leftist in four decades 1989 Fernando Collor de Mello two years later he resigned (corruption scandal) won the first elections since 1960 1985 external debt and inflation rate 800% 1968 brazilian "economic miracle" military dictatorship caused by political and social inestability 1964-1985 was born as a result of portuguese colonization ARGENTINA 2007 Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner wife former president Nestor Kirchner first female president in argentina 1999 Fernando de la Rúa civil riots led him to resign faced intense economic crisis 1989 Carlos Saul Menem made important changes to the constitution, presidental re-election assumed duties in the midst a major economic crisis 1938 Raul Alfonsin he inherited the effects of the 1982 crisis in Latin America 1982 conflict with GB over the control of the Fakland Islands(islas malvinas) 1977 meeting in Plaza de mayo 1976 military took power headed by General Videla 1946 Juan Domingo Perón He established and authoritarian and populist regime. Oligarchy based on growing wheat and raising cattle. supported by army.
