Cohn- Macromolecule Concept Map

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Monomer: Monosaccharides

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Functions: quick energy, energy storage, structure of plants

Examples: butter, milk, pasta, butter

Characteristics: structure=function, carbs=sugars, sugars end in -ose (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose), cellulose is found in the structure of plants, sugars classified by number of carbons

Characteristic: Always in 1:2:1 ratio

Ex: C6H12)6

ex: sugars, starches, cellulose, gllycogen

Lipids

Monomer: Triglycerides

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Functions: Energy storage, cushion organs, insulates body

Examples: fats, oil, phospholipids, steroids, wax

Characteristics: Lipids are not polar and hydrophobic, saturated v unsaturated fats, phospholipid has hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head, structure: glycerol and 2 fatty acids, comprise most of cells membrane, phospholipids found in the cell membrane

Long hydrocarbon chain

structure: glycerol+ fatty acid

Proteins

Monomer: Amino Acids

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen Oxygen

Functions: hormones, muscle movement, protect against germs (immune system), transports substances throughout the body

examples: muscle, hair, skin, pepsin

Characteristics: Peptide bonds, 4 layers- structure, chain coils or folds, shape allows proteins to do their job, 20 0f their monomers ( amino acids) found in living organisms, r group and functional group, without shape proteins will dissolve and die, temperature and pH can denature a protein

Amino acid chained to plymer

Eacn amino acid is the same excpet for the variable (function ) gourp.

Some Polar, some non polar

4 layers and their structure:

Primary layer-sequence of amino acids

Secondary layer- chains coil or fold. Two types: alpha helix and pleated sheet

Tertiary layer: attraction between alpha helices and the beta sheets

Quaternary Layer: one or more chains bonded together ex: collagen and hemoglobin

Nucleic Acids

Monomer: Nucleotides

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen

Functions: make up DNA and RNA store and transfer information from parents to offspring, hereditary information (transmit and store)

Characteristics: nucleotide has 3 parts (phosphate group, pentose sugar, nucleotide),

Examples: DNA, RNA

DNA- double helix (spiral), souble nucleotide chain RNA- single nucleotide chain